> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://cloudinary.com/documentation/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Underlays, watermarking, and special effects


[remote_image_overlays]: video_layers#remote_image_overlays

This page covers image underlays, watermarking, and special layer applications for videos. For the layer syntax itself, see [Layer syntax](video_layers). For applying transformations to layers, see [Transforming layers](video_layer_transformations). For text layer options, see [Text layer options](video_text_layers).

## Image underlays
Add an underlay image under a partially transparent base video with the `underlay` parameter (`u` in URLs) and the public ID of a previously uploaded image (e.g., `u_background` for an image with the public ID of `background`), with the following general syntax.

```
u_<public_id of layer>/<optional layer transformations>/fl_layer_apply,<optional placement qualifiers>
```

You can determine the dimension of the underlay using width and height, and adjust the location of the base video over the underlay using the gravity parameter and the x and y parameters. The underlay can also be [further transformed](transformation_reference) like any other image uploaded to Cloudinary, and the underlay parameter supports the same features as for overlays as described above.

For example, add an underlay of an image called `site_bg` to the base video. The underlay and base video are both resized to the same width and height, and the brightness is increased to 100 using the brightness effect (`c_fill,h_200,w_200/u_site_bg/c_scale,h_200,w_200/e_brightness:100/fl_layer_apply`):

![Image with underlay](https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/image/upload/c_fill,h_200,w_200/u_site_bg/c_scale,h_200,w_200/e_brightness:100/fl_layer_apply/smartphone.png)

```nodejs
cloudinary.image("smartphone.png", {transformation: [
  {height: 200, width: 200, crop: "fill"},
  {underlay: "site_bg"},
  {height: 200, width: 200, crop: "scale"},
  {effect: "brightness:100"},
  {flags: "layer_apply"}
  ]})
```

```react
import { fill, scale } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/resize";
import { source } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/underlay";
import { brightness } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/adjust";
import { image } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/source";

new CloudinaryImage("smartphone.png")
  .resize(fill().width(200).height(200))
  .underlay(
    source(
      image("site_bg").transformation(
        new Transformation()
          .resize(scale().width(200).height(200))
          .adjust(brightness().level(100))
      )
    )
  );
```

```vue
import { fill, scale } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/resize";
import { source } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/underlay";
import { brightness } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/adjust";
import { image } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/source";

new CloudinaryImage("smartphone.png")
  .resize(fill().width(200).height(200))
  .underlay(
    source(
      image("site_bg").transformation(
        new Transformation()
          .resize(scale().width(200).height(200))
          .adjust(brightness().level(100))
      )
    )
  );
```

```angular
import { fill, scale } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/resize";
import { source } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/underlay";
import { brightness } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/adjust";
import { image } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/source";

new CloudinaryImage("smartphone.png")
  .resize(fill().width(200).height(200))
  .underlay(
    source(
      image("site_bg").transformation(
        new Transformation()
          .resize(scale().width(200).height(200))
          .adjust(brightness().level(100))
      )
    )
  );
```

```js
import { fill, scale } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/resize";
import { source } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/underlay";
import { brightness } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/adjust";
import { image } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/source";

new CloudinaryImage("smartphone.png")
  .resize(fill().width(200).height(200))
  .underlay(
    source(
      image("site_bg").transformation(
        new Transformation()
          .resize(scale().width(200).height(200))
          .adjust(brightness().level(100))
      )
    )
  );
```

```python
CloudinaryImage("smartphone.png").image(transformation=[
  {'height': 200, 'width': 200, 'crop': "fill"},
  {'underlay': "site_bg"},
  {'height': 200, 'width': 200, 'crop': "scale"},
  {'effect': "brightness:100"},
  {'flags': "layer_apply"}
  ])
```

```php
use Cloudinary\Transformation\Resize;
use Cloudinary\Transformation\Underlay;
use Cloudinary\Transformation\Adjust;
use Cloudinary\Transformation\Source;

(new ImageTag('smartphone.png'))
	->resize(Resize::fill()->width(200)
->height(200))
	->underlay(Underlay::source(
	Source::image("site_bg")
	->transformation((new Transformation())
	->resize(Resize::scale()->width(200)
->height(200))
	->adjust(Adjust::brightness()->level(100)))
	));
```

```java
cloudinary.url().transformation(new Transformation()
  .height(200).width(200).crop("fill").chain()
  .underlay(new Layer().publicId("site_bg")).chain()
  .height(200).width(200).crop("scale").chain()
  .effect("brightness:100").chain()
  .flags("layer_apply")).imageTag("smartphone.png");
```

```ruby
cl_image_tag("smartphone.png", transformation: [
  {height: 200, width: 200, crop: "fill"},
  {underlay: "site_bg"},
  {height: 200, width: 200, crop: "scale"},
  {effect: "brightness:100"},
  {flags: "layer_apply"}
  ])
```

```csharp
cloudinary.Api.UrlImgUp.Transform(new Transformation()
  .Height(200).Width(200).Crop("fill").Chain()
  .Underlay(new Layer().PublicId("site_bg")).Chain()
  .Height(200).Width(200).Crop("scale").Chain()
  .Effect("brightness:100").Chain()
  .Flags("layer_apply")).BuildImageTag("smartphone.png")
```

```dart
cloudinary.image('smartphone.png').transformation(Transformation()
	.resize(Resize.fill().width(200)
.height(200))
	.underlay(Underlay.source(
	Source.image("site_bg")
	.transformation(new Transformation()
	.resize(Resize.scale().width(200)
.height(200))
	.adjust(Adjust.brightness().level(100)))
	)));
```

```swift
imageView.cldSetImage(cloudinary.createUrl().setTransformation(CLDTransformation()
  .setHeight(200).setWidth(200).setCrop("fill").chain()
  .setUnderlay("site_bg").chain()
  .setHeight(200).setWidth(200).setCrop("scale").chain()
  .setEffect("brightness:100").chain()
  .setFlags("layer_apply")).generate("smartphone.png")!, cloudinary: cloudinary)
```

```android
MediaManager.get().url().transformation(new Transformation()
  .height(200).width(200).crop("fill").chain()
  .underlay(new Layer().publicId("site_bg")).chain()
  .height(200).width(200).crop("scale").chain()
  .effect("brightness:100").chain()
  .flags("layer_apply")).generate("smartphone.png");
```

```flutter
cloudinary.image('smartphone.png').transformation(Transformation()
	.resize(Resize.fill().width(200)
.height(200))
	.underlay(Underlay.source(
	Source.image("site_bg")
	.transformation(new Transformation()
	.resize(Resize.scale().width(200)
.height(200))
	.adjust(Adjust.brightness().level(100)))
	)));
```

```kotlin
cloudinary.image {
	publicId("smartphone.png")
	 resize(Resize.fill() { width(200)
 height(200) })
	 underlay(Underlay.source(
	Source.image("site_bg") {
	 transformation(Transformation {
	 resize(Resize.scale() { width(200)
 height(200) })
	 adjust(Adjust.brightness() { level(100) }) })
	 })) 
}.generate()
```

```jquery
$.cloudinary.image("smartphone.png", {transformation: [
  {height: 200, width: 200, crop: "fill"},
  {underlay: new cloudinary.Layer().publicId("site_bg")},
  {height: 200, width: 200, crop: "scale"},
  {effect: "brightness:100"},
  {flags: "layer_apply"}
  ]})
```

```react_native
import { fill, scale } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/resize";
import { source } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/underlay";
import { brightness } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/adjust";
import { image } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/source";

new CloudinaryImage("smartphone.png")
  .resize(fill().width(200).height(200))
  .underlay(
    source(
      image("site_bg").transformation(
        new Transformation()
          .resize(scale().width(200).height(200))
          .adjust(brightness().level(100))
      )
    )
  );
```

![Video with underlay](https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/video/upload/c_fill,h_200,w_200/u_site_bg/c_scale,h_200,w_200/e_brightness:100/fl_layer_apply/docs/transparent_talking.webm)

```nodejs
cloudinary.video("docs/transparent_talking", {transformation: [
  {height: 200, width: 200, crop: "fill"},
  {underlay: "site_bg"},
  {height: 200, width: 200, crop: "scale"},
  {effect: "brightness:100"},
  {flags: "layer_apply"}
  ]})
```

```react
import { fill, scale } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/resize";
import { source } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/underlay";
import { brightness } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/adjust";
import { image } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/source";

new CloudinaryVideo("docs/transparent_talking.webm")
  .resize(fill().width(200).height(200))
  .underlay(
    source(
      image("site_bg").transformation(
        new Transformation()
          .resize(scale().width(200).height(200))
          .adjust(brightness().level(100))
      )
    )
  );
```

```vue
import { fill, scale } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/resize";
import { source } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/underlay";
import { brightness } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/adjust";
import { image } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/source";

new CloudinaryVideo("docs/transparent_talking.webm")
  .resize(fill().width(200).height(200))
  .underlay(
    source(
      image("site_bg").transformation(
        new Transformation()
          .resize(scale().width(200).height(200))
          .adjust(brightness().level(100))
      )
    )
  );
```

```angular
import { fill, scale } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/resize";
import { source } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/underlay";
import { brightness } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/adjust";
import { image } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/source";

new CloudinaryVideo("docs/transparent_talking.webm")
  .resize(fill().width(200).height(200))
  .underlay(
    source(
      image("site_bg").transformation(
        new Transformation()
          .resize(scale().width(200).height(200))
          .adjust(brightness().level(100))
      )
    )
  );
```

```js
import { fill, scale } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/resize";
import { source } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/underlay";
import { brightness } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/adjust";
import { image } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/source";

new CloudinaryVideo("docs/transparent_talking.webm")
  .resize(fill().width(200).height(200))
  .underlay(
    source(
      image("site_bg").transformation(
        new Transformation()
          .resize(scale().width(200).height(200))
          .adjust(brightness().level(100))
      )
    )
  );
```

```python
CloudinaryVideo("docs/transparent_talking").video(transformation=[
  {'height': 200, 'width': 200, 'crop': "fill"},
  {'underlay': "site_bg"},
  {'height': 200, 'width': 200, 'crop': "scale"},
  {'effect': "brightness:100"},
  {'flags': "layer_apply"}
  ])
```

```php
use Cloudinary\Transformation\Resize;
use Cloudinary\Transformation\Underlay;
use Cloudinary\Transformation\Adjust;
use Cloudinary\Transformation\Source;

(new VideoTag('docs/transparent_talking.webm'))
	->resize(Resize::fill()->width(200)
->height(200))
	->underlay(Underlay::source(
	Source::image("site_bg")
	->transformation((new Transformation())
	->resize(Resize::scale()->width(200)
->height(200))
	->adjust(Adjust::brightness()->level(100)))
	));
```

```java
cloudinary.url().transformation(new Transformation()
  .height(200).width(200).crop("fill").chain()
  .underlay(new Layer().publicId("site_bg")).chain()
  .height(200).width(200).crop("scale").chain()
  .effect("brightness:100").chain()
  .flags("layer_apply")).videoTag("docs/transparent_talking");
```

```ruby
cl_video_tag("docs/transparent_talking", transformation: [
  {height: 200, width: 200, crop: "fill"},
  {underlay: "site_bg"},
  {height: 200, width: 200, crop: "scale"},
  {effect: "brightness:100"},
  {flags: "layer_apply"}
  ])
```

```csharp
cloudinary.Api.UrlVideoUp.Transform(new Transformation()
  .Height(200).Width(200).Crop("fill").Chain()
  .Underlay(new Layer().PublicId("site_bg")).Chain()
  .Height(200).Width(200).Crop("scale").Chain()
  .Effect("brightness:100").Chain()
  .Flags("layer_apply")).BuildVideoTag("docs/transparent_talking")
```

```dart
cloudinary.video('docs/transparent_talking.webm').transformation(Transformation()
	.resize(Resize.fill().width(200)
.height(200))
	.underlay(Underlay.source(
	Source.image("site_bg")
	.transformation(new Transformation()
	.resize(Resize.scale().width(200)
.height(200))
	.adjust(Adjust.brightness().level(100)))
	)));
```

```swift
cloudinary.createUrl().setResourceType("video").setTransformation(CLDTransformation()
  .setHeight(200).setWidth(200).setCrop("fill").chain()
  .setUnderlay("site_bg").chain()
  .setHeight(200).setWidth(200).setCrop("scale").chain()
  .setEffect("brightness:100").chain()
  .setFlags("layer_apply")).generate("docs/transparent_talking.webm")
```

```android
MediaManager.get().url().transformation(new Transformation()
  .height(200).width(200).crop("fill").chain()
  .underlay(new Layer().publicId("site_bg")).chain()
  .height(200).width(200).crop("scale").chain()
  .effect("brightness:100").chain()
  .flags("layer_apply")).resourceType("video").generate("docs/transparent_talking.webm");
```

```flutter
cloudinary.video('docs/transparent_talking.webm').transformation(Transformation()
	.resize(Resize.fill().width(200)
.height(200))
	.underlay(Underlay.source(
	Source.image("site_bg")
	.transformation(new Transformation()
	.resize(Resize.scale().width(200)
.height(200))
	.adjust(Adjust.brightness().level(100)))
	)));
```

```kotlin
cloudinary.video {
	publicId("docs/transparent_talking.webm")
	 resize(Resize.fill() { width(200)
 height(200) })
	 underlay(Underlay.source(
	Source.image("site_bg") {
	 transformation(Transformation {
	 resize(Resize.scale() { width(200)
 height(200) })
	 adjust(Adjust.brightness() { level(100) }) })
	 })) 
}.generate()
```

```jquery
$.cloudinary.video("docs/transparent_talking", {transformation: [
  {height: 200, width: 200, crop: "fill"},
  {underlay: new cloudinary.Layer().publicId("site_bg")},
  {height: 200, width: 200, crop: "scale"},
  {effect: "brightness:100"},
  {flags: "layer_apply"}
  ]})
```

```react_native
import { fill, scale } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/resize";
import { source } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/underlay";
import { brightness } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/adjust";
import { image } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/source";

new CloudinaryVideo("docs/transparent_talking.webm")
  .resize(fill().width(200).height(200))
  .underlay(
    source(
      image("site_bg").transformation(
        new Transformation()
          .resize(scale().width(200).height(200))
          .adjust(brightness().level(100))
      )
    )
  );
```

> **NOTE**: If the public ID of an image includes slashes (e.g., the public ID of an image is `layers/blue`), replace the slashes with colons when using the image as an underlay (e.g., the public ID of the image becomes `layers:blue` when used as an underlay).

**See full syntax**: [u_\<image id\>](transformation_reference#u_image_id) in the _Transformation Reference_.

### Remote image underlays

Similar to [overlaying a remote image][remote_image_overlays], you can underlay a remote image using `u_fetch:<base64 encoded URL>`.

> **NOTE**:
>
> You can only fetch remote **images** for underlays. Fetching remote videos or audio files for use as underlays isn't supported.

For example, add the background image, `https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/image/upload/site_bg` (base64 encoded: `aHR0cHM6Ly9yZXMuY2xvdWRpbmFyeS5jb20vZGVtby9pbWFnZS91cGxvYWQvc2l0ZV9iZw==`), as an underlay, resized to match the size of the base video (`u_fetch:aHR0cHM6Ly9yZXMuY2xvdWRpbmFyeS5jb20vZGVtby9pbWFnZS91cGxvYWQvc2l0ZV9iZw==/c_fill,fl_layer_apply,fl_relative,h_1.0,w_1.0`):

![Fetched image underlay resized to match base image](https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/image/upload/u_fetch:aHR0cHM6Ly9yZXMuY2xvdWRpbmFyeS5jb20vZGVtby9pbWFnZS91cGxvYWQvc2l0ZV9iZw==/c_fill,fl_layer_apply,fl_relative,h_1.0,w_1.0/smartphone.png "thumb: h_150")

```nodejs
cloudinary.image("smartphone.png", {transformation: [
  {underlay: {url: "https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/image/upload/site_bg"}},
  {flags: ["layer_apply", "relative"], height: "1.0", width: "1.0", crop: "fill"}
  ]})
```

```react
import { source } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/underlay";
import { fill } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/resize";
import { fetch } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/source";

new CloudinaryImage("smartphone.png").underlay(
  source(
    fetch(
      "https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/image/upload/site_bg"
    ).transformation(
      new Transformation().resize(fill().width("1.0").height("1.0").relative())
    )
  )
);
```

```vue
import { source } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/underlay";
import { fill } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/resize";
import { fetch } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/source";

new CloudinaryImage("smartphone.png").underlay(
  source(
    fetch(
      "https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/image/upload/site_bg"
    ).transformation(
      new Transformation().resize(fill().width("1.0").height("1.0").relative())
    )
  )
);
```

```angular
import { source } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/underlay";
import { fill } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/resize";
import { fetch } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/source";

new CloudinaryImage("smartphone.png").underlay(
  source(
    fetch(
      "https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/image/upload/site_bg"
    ).transformation(
      new Transformation().resize(fill().width("1.0").height("1.0").relative())
    )
  )
);
```

```js
import { source } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/underlay";
import { fill } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/resize";
import { fetch } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/source";

new CloudinaryImage("smartphone.png").underlay(
  source(
    fetch(
      "https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/image/upload/site_bg"
    ).transformation(
      new Transformation().resize(fill().width("1.0").height("1.0").relative())
    )
  )
);
```

```python
CloudinaryImage("smartphone.png").image(transformation=[
  {'underlay': {'url': "https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/image/upload/site_bg"}},
  {'flags': ["layer_apply", "relative"], 'height': "1.0", 'width': "1.0", 'crop': "fill"}
  ])
```

```php
use Cloudinary\Transformation\Underlay;
use Cloudinary\Transformation\Resize;
use Cloudinary\Transformation\Source;

(new ImageTag('smartphone.png'))
	->underlay(Underlay::source(
	Source::fetch("https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/image/upload/site_bg")
	->transformation((new Transformation())
	->resize(Resize::fill()->width(1.0)
->height(1.0)
	->relative()
	))
	));
```

```java
cloudinary.url().transformation(new Transformation()
  .underlay(new FetchLayer().url("https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/image/upload/site_bg")).chain()
  .flags("layer_apply", "relative").height(1.0).width(1.0).crop("fill")).imageTag("smartphone.png");
```

```ruby
cl_image_tag("smartphone.png", transformation: [
  {underlay: {url: "https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/image/upload/site_bg"}},
  {flags: ["layer_apply", "relative"], height: 1.0, width: 1.0, crop: "fill"}
  ])
```

```csharp
cloudinary.Api.UrlImgUp.Transform(new Transformation()
  .Underlay(new FetchLayer("https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/image/upload/site_bg")).Chain()
  .Flags("layer_apply", "relative").Height(1.0).Width(1.0).Crop("fill")).BuildImageTag("smartphone.png")
```

```dart
cloudinary.image('smartphone.png').transformation(Transformation()
	.underlay(Underlay.source(
	Source.fetch("https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/image/upload/site_bg")
	.transformation(new Transformation()
	.resize(Resize.fill().width('1.0')
.height('1.0')
	.relative()
	))
	)));
```

```swift
imageView.cldSetImage(cloudinary.createUrl().setTransformation(CLDTransformation()
  .setUnderlay("fetch:aHR0cHM6Ly9yZXMuY2xvdWRpbmFyeS5jb20vZGVtby9pbWFnZS91cGxvYWQvc2l0ZV9iZw==").chain()
  .setFlags("layer_apply", "relative").setHeight(1.0).setWidth(1.0).setCrop("fill")).generate("smartphone.png")!, cloudinary: cloudinary)
```

```android
MediaManager.get().url().transformation(new Transformation()
  .underlay(new FetchLayer().url("https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/image/upload/site_bg")).chain()
  .flags("layer_apply", "relative").height(1.0).width(1.0).crop("fill")).generate("smartphone.png");
```

```flutter
cloudinary.image('smartphone.png').transformation(Transformation()
	.underlay(Underlay.source(
	Source.fetch("https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/image/upload/site_bg")
	.transformation(new Transformation()
	.resize(Resize.fill().width('1.0')
.height('1.0')
	.relative()
	))
	)));
```

```kotlin
cloudinary.image {
	publicId("smartphone.png")
	 underlay(Underlay.source(
	Source.fetch("https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/image/upload/site_bg") {
	 transformation(Transformation {
	 resize(Resize.fill() { width(1.0F)
 height(1.0F)
	 relative()
	 }) })
	 })) 
}.generate()
```

```jquery
$.cloudinary.image("smartphone.png", {transformation: [
  {underlay: new cloudinary.FetchLayer().url("https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/image/upload/site_bg")},
  {flags: ["layer_apply", "relative"], height: "1.0", width: "1.0", crop: "fill"}
  ]})
```

```react_native
import { source } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/underlay";
import { fill } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/resize";
import { fetch } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/source";

new CloudinaryImage("smartphone.png").underlay(
  source(
    fetch(
      "https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/image/upload/site_bg"
    ).transformation(
      new Transformation().resize(fill().width("1.0").height("1.0").relative())
    )
  )
);
```

![Fetched image underlay resized to match base video](https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/video/upload/u_fetch:aHR0cHM6Ly9yZXMuY2xvdWRpbmFyeS5jb20vZGVtby9pbWFnZS91cGxvYWQvc2l0ZV9iZw==/c_fill,fl_layer_apply,fl_relative,h_1.0,w_1.0/docs/transparent_talking.webm "thumb: h_150")

```nodejs
cloudinary.video("docs/transparent_talking", {transformation: [
  {underlay: {url: "https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/image/upload/site_bg"}},
  {flags: ["layer_apply", "relative"], height: "1.0", width: "1.0", crop: "fill"}
  ]})
```

```react
import { source } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/underlay";
import { fill } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/resize";
import { fetch } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/source";

new CloudinaryVideo("docs/transparent_talking.webm").underlay(
  source(
    fetch(
      "https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/image/upload/site_bg"
    ).transformation(
      new Transformation().resize(fill().width("1.0").height("1.0").relative())
    )
  )
);
```

```vue
import { source } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/underlay";
import { fill } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/resize";
import { fetch } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/source";

new CloudinaryVideo("docs/transparent_talking.webm").underlay(
  source(
    fetch(
      "https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/image/upload/site_bg"
    ).transformation(
      new Transformation().resize(fill().width("1.0").height("1.0").relative())
    )
  )
);
```

```angular
import { source } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/underlay";
import { fill } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/resize";
import { fetch } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/source";

new CloudinaryVideo("docs/transparent_talking.webm").underlay(
  source(
    fetch(
      "https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/image/upload/site_bg"
    ).transformation(
      new Transformation().resize(fill().width("1.0").height("1.0").relative())
    )
  )
);
```

```js
import { source } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/underlay";
import { fill } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/resize";
import { fetch } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/source";

new CloudinaryVideo("docs/transparent_talking.webm").underlay(
  source(
    fetch(
      "https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/image/upload/site_bg"
    ).transformation(
      new Transformation().resize(fill().width("1.0").height("1.0").relative())
    )
  )
);
```

```python
CloudinaryVideo("docs/transparent_talking").video(transformation=[
  {'underlay': {'url': "https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/image/upload/site_bg"}},
  {'flags': ["layer_apply", "relative"], 'height': "1.0", 'width': "1.0", 'crop': "fill"}
  ])
```

```php
use Cloudinary\Transformation\Underlay;
use Cloudinary\Transformation\Resize;
use Cloudinary\Transformation\Source;

(new VideoTag('docs/transparent_talking.webm'))
	->underlay(Underlay::source(
	Source::fetch("https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/image/upload/site_bg")
	->transformation((new Transformation())
	->resize(Resize::fill()->width(1.0)
->height(1.0)
	->relative()
	))
	));
```

```java
cloudinary.url().transformation(new Transformation()
  .underlay(new FetchLayer().url("https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/image/upload/site_bg")).chain()
  .flags("layer_apply", "relative").height(1.0).width(1.0).crop("fill")).videoTag("docs/transparent_talking");
```

```ruby
cl_video_tag("docs/transparent_talking", transformation: [
  {underlay: {url: "https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/image/upload/site_bg"}},
  {flags: ["layer_apply", "relative"], height: 1.0, width: 1.0, crop: "fill"}
  ])
```

```csharp
cloudinary.Api.UrlVideoUp.Transform(new Transformation()
  .Underlay(new FetchLayer("https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/image/upload/site_bg")).Chain()
  .Flags("layer_apply", "relative").Height(1.0).Width(1.0).Crop("fill")).BuildVideoTag("docs/transparent_talking")
```

```dart
cloudinary.video('docs/transparent_talking.webm').transformation(Transformation()
	.underlay(Underlay.source(
	Source.fetch("https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/image/upload/site_bg")
	.transformation(new Transformation()
	.resize(Resize.fill().width('1.0')
.height('1.0')
	.relative()
	))
	)));
```

```swift
cloudinary.createUrl().setResourceType("video").setTransformation(CLDTransformation()
  .setUnderlay("fetch:aHR0cHM6Ly9yZXMuY2xvdWRpbmFyeS5jb20vZGVtby9pbWFnZS91cGxvYWQvc2l0ZV9iZw==").chain()
  .setFlags("layer_apply", "relative").setHeight(1.0).setWidth(1.0).setCrop("fill")).generate("docs/transparent_talking.webm")
```

```android
MediaManager.get().url().transformation(new Transformation()
  .underlay(new FetchLayer().url("https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/image/upload/site_bg")).chain()
  .flags("layer_apply", "relative").height(1.0).width(1.0).crop("fill")).resourceType("video").generate("docs/transparent_talking.webm");
```

```flutter
cloudinary.video('docs/transparent_talking.webm').transformation(Transformation()
	.underlay(Underlay.source(
	Source.fetch("https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/image/upload/site_bg")
	.transformation(new Transformation()
	.resize(Resize.fill().width('1.0')
.height('1.0')
	.relative()
	))
	)));
```

```kotlin
cloudinary.video {
	publicId("docs/transparent_talking.webm")
	 underlay(Underlay.source(
	Source.fetch("https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/image/upload/site_bg") {
	 transformation(Transformation {
	 resize(Resize.fill() { width(1.0F)
 height(1.0F)
	 relative()
	 }) })
	 })) 
}.generate()
```

```jquery
$.cloudinary.video("docs/transparent_talking", {transformation: [
  {underlay: new cloudinary.FetchLayer().url("https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/image/upload/site_bg")},
  {flags: ["layer_apply", "relative"], height: "1.0", width: "1.0", crop: "fill"}
  ]})
```

```react_native
import { source } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/underlay";
import { fill } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/resize";
import { fetch } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/source";

new CloudinaryVideo("docs/transparent_talking.webm").underlay(
  source(
    fetch(
      "https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/image/upload/site_bg"
    ).transformation(
      new Transformation().resize(fill().width("1.0").height("1.0").relative())
    )
  )
);
```

> **NOTE**: The Cloudinary SDKs automatically generate a base64 encoded URL for a given HTTP/S URL, but if you generate the delivery URL in your own code, then you'll need to supply the fetch URL in base64 encoding with padding.

**See full syntax**: [u_fetch](transformation_reference#u_fetch) in the _Transformation Reference_.

## Watermarking

You can use a standard image layer for the purpose of applying a watermark to any delivered video. [Opacity](transformation_reference#o_opacity) and/or [brightness](transformation_reference#e_brightness) transformations are often applied to image layers when they are used as a watermark.

You can also use the **smart anti-removal** effect with your layer transformation in order to achieve your watermark requirements.

### Smart anti-removal 
You can use the anti-removal effect (`e_anti_removal` in URLs) to slightly modify image overlays in a random manner, thus making them much harder to remove (e.g., adding your logo as a watermark to assets). In most cases, the default level of modification is designed to be visually hard to notice, but still difficult to remove cleanly. If needed, you can optionally control the level of distortion that this transformation applies by adding a colon followed by an integer (the higher the number, the more the image is distorted). The `anti_removal` effect is added in the same component as the `layer_apply` flag.

For example, adding the anti-removal effect (with a high level of 90 for demonstration purposes) to an overlay of the image called `cloudinary_icon_blue` added to the north-east corner of the base asset, with the overlay's opacity set to 50% and scaled to a width of 150 pixels (`c_scale,w_500/l_cloudinary_icon_blue/c_scale,w_150/o_50/e_anti_removal:90,fl_layer_apply,g_north_east`):

![Image with anti-removal overlay](https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/image/upload/c_scale,w_500/l_cloudinary_icon_blue/c_scale,w_150/o_50/e_anti_removal:90,fl_layer_apply,g_north_east/leather_bag_gray.jpg)

```nodejs
cloudinary.image("leather_bag_gray.jpg", {transformation: [
  {width: 500, crop: "scale"},
  {overlay: "cloudinary_icon_blue"},
  {width: 150, crop: "scale"},
  {opacity: 50},
  {effect: "anti_removal:90", flags: "layer_apply", gravity: "north_east"}
  ]})
```

```react
import { scale } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/resize";
import { source } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/overlay";
import { opacity } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/adjust";
import { image } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/source";
import { Position } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/position";
import { antiRemoval } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/blendMode";
import { compass } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/gravity";

new CloudinaryImage("leather_bag_gray.jpg").resize(scale().width(500)).overlay(
  source(
    image("cloudinary_icon_blue").transformation(
      new Transformation().resize(scale().width(150)).adjust(opacity(50))
    )
  )
    .position(new Position().gravity(compass("north_east")))
    .blendMode(antiRemoval(90))
);
```

```vue
import { scale } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/resize";
import { source } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/overlay";
import { opacity } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/adjust";
import { image } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/source";
import { Position } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/position";
import { antiRemoval } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/blendMode";
import { compass } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/gravity";

new CloudinaryImage("leather_bag_gray.jpg").resize(scale().width(500)).overlay(
  source(
    image("cloudinary_icon_blue").transformation(
      new Transformation().resize(scale().width(150)).adjust(opacity(50))
    )
  )
    .position(new Position().gravity(compass("north_east")))
    .blendMode(antiRemoval(90))
);
```

```angular
import { scale } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/resize";
import { source } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/overlay";
import { opacity } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/adjust";
import { image } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/source";
import { Position } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/position";
import { antiRemoval } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/blendMode";
import { compass } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/gravity";

new CloudinaryImage("leather_bag_gray.jpg").resize(scale().width(500)).overlay(
  source(
    image("cloudinary_icon_blue").transformation(
      new Transformation().resize(scale().width(150)).adjust(opacity(50))
    )
  )
    .position(new Position().gravity(compass("north_east")))
    .blendMode(antiRemoval(90))
);
```

```js
import { scale } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/resize";
import { source } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/overlay";
import { opacity } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/adjust";
import { image } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/source";
import { Position } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/position";
import { antiRemoval } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/blendMode";
import { compass } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/gravity";

new CloudinaryImage("leather_bag_gray.jpg").resize(scale().width(500)).overlay(
  source(
    image("cloudinary_icon_blue").transformation(
      new Transformation().resize(scale().width(150)).adjust(opacity(50))
    )
  )
    .position(new Position().gravity(compass("north_east")))
    .blendMode(antiRemoval(90))
);
```

```python
CloudinaryImage("leather_bag_gray.jpg").image(transformation=[
  {'width': 500, 'crop': "scale"},
  {'overlay': "cloudinary_icon_blue"},
  {'width': 150, 'crop': "scale"},
  {'opacity': 50},
  {'effect': "anti_removal:90", 'flags': "layer_apply", 'gravity': "north_east"}
  ])
```

```php
use Cloudinary\Transformation\Resize;
use Cloudinary\Transformation\Overlay;
use Cloudinary\Transformation\Adjust;
use Cloudinary\Transformation\Source;
use Cloudinary\Transformation\Position;
use Cloudinary\Transformation\BlendMode;
use Cloudinary\Transformation\Gravity;
use Cloudinary\Transformation\Compass;

(new ImageTag('leather_bag_gray.jpg'))
	->resize(Resize::scale()->width(500))
	->overlay(Overlay::source(
	Source::image("cloudinary_icon_blue")
	->transformation((new Transformation())
	->resize(Resize::scale()->width(150))
	->adjust(Adjust::opacity(50)))
	)
	->position((new Position())
	->gravity(
	Gravity::compass(
	Compass::northEast()))
	)
	->blendMode(
	BlendMode::antiRemoval(90))
	);
```

```java
cloudinary.url().transformation(new Transformation()
  .width(500).crop("scale").chain()
  .overlay(new Layer().publicId("cloudinary_icon_blue")).chain()
  .width(150).crop("scale").chain()
  .opacity(50).chain()
  .effect("anti_removal:90").flags("layer_apply").gravity("north_east")).imageTag("leather_bag_gray.jpg");
```

```ruby
cl_image_tag("leather_bag_gray.jpg", transformation: [
  {width: 500, crop: "scale"},
  {overlay: "cloudinary_icon_blue"},
  {width: 150, crop: "scale"},
  {opacity: 50},
  {effect: "anti_removal:90", flags: "layer_apply", gravity: "north_east"}
  ])
```

```csharp
cloudinary.Api.UrlImgUp.Transform(new Transformation()
  .Width(500).Crop("scale").Chain()
  .Overlay(new Layer().PublicId("cloudinary_icon_blue")).Chain()
  .Width(150).Crop("scale").Chain()
  .Opacity(50).Chain()
  .Effect("anti_removal:90").Flags("layer_apply").Gravity("north_east")).BuildImageTag("leather_bag_gray.jpg")
```

```dart
cloudinary.image('leather_bag_gray.jpg').transformation(Transformation()
	.addTransformation("c_scale,w_500/l_cloudinary_icon_blue/c_scale,w_150/o_50/e_anti_removal:90,fl_layer_apply,g_north_east"));
```

```swift
imageView.cldSetImage(cloudinary.createUrl().setTransformation(CLDTransformation()
  .setWidth(500).setCrop("scale").chain()
  .setOverlay("cloudinary_icon_blue").chain()
  .setWidth(150).setCrop("scale").chain()
  .setOpacity(50).chain()
  .setEffect("anti_removal:90").setFlags("layer_apply").setGravity("north_east")).generate("leather_bag_gray.jpg")!, cloudinary: cloudinary)
```

```android
MediaManager.get().url().transformation(new Transformation()
  .width(500).crop("scale").chain()
  .overlay(new Layer().publicId("cloudinary_icon_blue")).chain()
  .width(150).crop("scale").chain()
  .opacity(50).chain()
  .effect("anti_removal:90").flags("layer_apply").gravity("north_east")).generate("leather_bag_gray.jpg");
```

```flutter
cloudinary.image('leather_bag_gray.jpg').transformation(Transformation()
	.addTransformation("c_scale,w_500/l_cloudinary_icon_blue/c_scale,w_150/o_50/e_anti_removal:90,fl_layer_apply,g_north_east"));
```

```kotlin
cloudinary.image {
	publicId("leather_bag_gray.jpg")
	 resize(Resize.scale() { width(500) })
	 overlay(Overlay.source(
	Source.image("cloudinary_icon_blue") {
	 transformation(Transformation {
	 resize(Resize.scale() { width(150) })
	 adjust(Adjust.opacity(50)) })
	 }) {
	 position(Position() {
	 gravity(
	Gravity.compass(
	Compass.northEast()))
	 })
	 blendMode(
	BlendMode.antiRemoval(90))
	 }) 
}.generate()
```

```jquery
$.cloudinary.image("leather_bag_gray.jpg", {transformation: [
  {width: 500, crop: "scale"},
  {overlay: new cloudinary.Layer().publicId("cloudinary_icon_blue")},
  {width: 150, crop: "scale"},
  {opacity: 50},
  {effect: "anti_removal:90", flags: "layer_apply", gravity: "north_east"}
  ]})
```

```react_native
import { scale } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/resize";
import { source } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/overlay";
import { opacity } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/adjust";
import { image } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/source";
import { Position } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/position";
import { antiRemoval } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/blendMode";
import { compass } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/gravity";

new CloudinaryImage("leather_bag_gray.jpg").resize(scale().width(500)).overlay(
  source(
    image("cloudinary_icon_blue").transformation(
      new Transformation().resize(scale().width(150)).adjust(opacity(50))
    )
  )
    .position(new Position().gravity(compass("north_east")))
    .blendMode(antiRemoval(90))
);
```

![Video with anti-removal overlay](https://res.cloudinary.com/demo/video/upload/c_scale,w_500/l_cloudinary_icon_blue/c_scale,w_150/o_50/e_anti_removal:90,fl_layer_apply,g_north_east/old_camera.mp4)

```nodejs
cloudinary.video("old_camera", {transformation: [
  {width: 500, crop: "scale"},
  {overlay: "cloudinary_icon_blue"},
  {width: 150, crop: "scale"},
  {opacity: 50},
  {effect: "anti_removal:90", flags: "layer_apply", gravity: "north_east"}
  ]})
```

```react
import { scale } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/resize";
import { source } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/overlay";
import { opacity } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/adjust";
import { image } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/source";
import { Position } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/position";
import { antiRemoval } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/blendMode";
import { compass } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/gravity";

new CloudinaryVideo("old_camera.mp4").resize(scale().width(500)).overlay(
  source(
    image("cloudinary_icon_blue").transformation(
      new Transformation().resize(scale().width(150)).adjust(opacity(50))
    )
  )
    .position(new Position().gravity(compass("north_east")))
    .blendMode(antiRemoval(90))
);
```

```vue
import { scale } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/resize";
import { source } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/overlay";
import { opacity } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/adjust";
import { image } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/source";
import { Position } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/position";
import { antiRemoval } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/blendMode";
import { compass } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/gravity";

new CloudinaryVideo("old_camera.mp4").resize(scale().width(500)).overlay(
  source(
    image("cloudinary_icon_blue").transformation(
      new Transformation().resize(scale().width(150)).adjust(opacity(50))
    )
  )
    .position(new Position().gravity(compass("north_east")))
    .blendMode(antiRemoval(90))
);
```

```angular
import { scale } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/resize";
import { source } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/overlay";
import { opacity } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/adjust";
import { image } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/source";
import { Position } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/position";
import { antiRemoval } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/blendMode";
import { compass } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/gravity";

new CloudinaryVideo("old_camera.mp4").resize(scale().width(500)).overlay(
  source(
    image("cloudinary_icon_blue").transformation(
      new Transformation().resize(scale().width(150)).adjust(opacity(50))
    )
  )
    .position(new Position().gravity(compass("north_east")))
    .blendMode(antiRemoval(90))
);
```

```js
import { scale } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/resize";
import { source } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/overlay";
import { opacity } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/adjust";
import { image } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/source";
import { Position } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/position";
import { antiRemoval } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/blendMode";
import { compass } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/gravity";

new CloudinaryVideo("old_camera.mp4").resize(scale().width(500)).overlay(
  source(
    image("cloudinary_icon_blue").transformation(
      new Transformation().resize(scale().width(150)).adjust(opacity(50))
    )
  )
    .position(new Position().gravity(compass("north_east")))
    .blendMode(antiRemoval(90))
);
```

```python
CloudinaryVideo("old_camera").video(transformation=[
  {'width': 500, 'crop': "scale"},
  {'overlay': "cloudinary_icon_blue"},
  {'width': 150, 'crop': "scale"},
  {'opacity': 50},
  {'effect': "anti_removal:90", 'flags': "layer_apply", 'gravity': "north_east"}
  ])
```

```php
use Cloudinary\Transformation\Resize;
use Cloudinary\Transformation\Overlay;
use Cloudinary\Transformation\Adjust;
use Cloudinary\Transformation\Source;
use Cloudinary\Transformation\Position;
use Cloudinary\Transformation\BlendMode;
use Cloudinary\Transformation\Gravity;
use Cloudinary\Transformation\Compass;

(new VideoTag('old_camera.mp4'))
	->resize(Resize::scale()->width(500))
	->overlay(Overlay::source(
	Source::image("cloudinary_icon_blue")
	->transformation((new Transformation())
	->resize(Resize::scale()->width(150))
	->adjust(Adjust::opacity(50)))
	)
	->position((new Position())
	->gravity(
	Gravity::compass(
	Compass::northEast()))
	)
	->blendMode(
	BlendMode::antiRemoval(90))
	);
```

```java
cloudinary.url().transformation(new Transformation()
  .width(500).crop("scale").chain()
  .overlay(new Layer().publicId("cloudinary_icon_blue")).chain()
  .width(150).crop("scale").chain()
  .opacity(50).chain()
  .effect("anti_removal:90").flags("layer_apply").gravity("north_east")).videoTag("old_camera");
```

```ruby
cl_video_tag("old_camera", transformation: [
  {width: 500, crop: "scale"},
  {overlay: "cloudinary_icon_blue"},
  {width: 150, crop: "scale"},
  {opacity: 50},
  {effect: "anti_removal:90", flags: "layer_apply", gravity: "north_east"}
  ])
```

```csharp
cloudinary.Api.UrlVideoUp.Transform(new Transformation()
  .Width(500).Crop("scale").Chain()
  .Overlay(new Layer().PublicId("cloudinary_icon_blue")).Chain()
  .Width(150).Crop("scale").Chain()
  .Opacity(50).Chain()
  .Effect("anti_removal:90").Flags("layer_apply").Gravity("north_east")).BuildVideoTag("old_camera")
```

```dart
cloudinary.video('old_camera.mp4').transformation(Transformation()
	.addTransformation("c_scale,w_500/l_cloudinary_icon_blue/c_scale,w_150/o_50/e_anti_removal:90,fl_layer_apply,g_north_east"));
```

```swift
cloudinary.createUrl().setResourceType("video").setTransformation(CLDTransformation()
  .setWidth(500).setCrop("scale").chain()
  .setOverlay("cloudinary_icon_blue").chain()
  .setWidth(150).setCrop("scale").chain()
  .setOpacity(50).chain()
  .setEffect("anti_removal:90").setFlags("layer_apply").setGravity("north_east")).generate("old_camera.mp4")
```

```android
MediaManager.get().url().transformation(new Transformation()
  .width(500).crop("scale").chain()
  .overlay(new Layer().publicId("cloudinary_icon_blue")).chain()
  .width(150).crop("scale").chain()
  .opacity(50).chain()
  .effect("anti_removal:90").flags("layer_apply").gravity("north_east")).resourceType("video").generate("old_camera.mp4");
```

```flutter
cloudinary.video('old_camera.mp4').transformation(Transformation()
	.addTransformation("c_scale,w_500/l_cloudinary_icon_blue/c_scale,w_150/o_50/e_anti_removal:90,fl_layer_apply,g_north_east"));
```

```kotlin
cloudinary.video {
	publicId("old_camera.mp4")
	 resize(Resize.scale() { width(500) })
	 overlay(Overlay.source(
	Source.image("cloudinary_icon_blue") {
	 transformation(Transformation {
	 resize(Resize.scale() { width(150) })
	 adjust(Adjust.opacity(50)) })
	 }) {
	 position(Position() {
	 gravity(
	Gravity.compass(
	Compass.northEast()))
	 })
	 blendMode(
	BlendMode.antiRemoval(90))
	 }) 
}.generate()
```

```jquery
$.cloudinary.video("old_camera", {transformation: [
  {width: 500, crop: "scale"},
  {overlay: new cloudinary.Layer().publicId("cloudinary_icon_blue")},
  {width: 150, crop: "scale"},
  {opacity: 50},
  {effect: "anti_removal:90", flags: "layer_apply", gravity: "north_east"}
  ]})
```

```react_native
import { scale } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/resize";
import { source } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/overlay";
import { opacity } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/actions/adjust";
import { image } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/source";
import { Position } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/position";
import { antiRemoval } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/blendMode";
import { compass } from "@cloudinary/url-gen/qualifiers/gravity";

new CloudinaryVideo("old_camera.mp4").resize(scale().width(500)).overlay(
  source(
    image("cloudinary_icon_blue").transformation(
      new Transformation().resize(scale().width(150)).adjust(opacity(50))
    )
  )
    .position(new Position().gravity(compass("north_east")))
    .blendMode(antiRemoval(90))
);
```

> **NOTE**: Adding this effect generates a different result for each derived video, even if the transformation is the same. For example, every transformation URL including an overlay and the anti-removal effect, where only the public_id of the base video is changed, will result in a slightly different overlay.

**See full syntax**: [e_anti_removal](transformation_reference#e_anti_removal) in the _Transformation Reference_.

## Special layer applications
In addition to the primary use of layers for placing other assets or text on the base video, some transformation features make use of the layer option to specify a public ID that will be applied to the base video in order to achieve a desired effect. The following features make use of the layer transformation parameter in a special way:

Feature | Description
---|---
[3D LUTs](video_effects_and_enhancements#3_color_dimension_luts_3d_luts) | 3-color-dimension lookup tables (3D LUTs) map the color space in a LUT layer to the color space in a base video.
[Video concatenation](video_concatenation) | Concatenate a video layer to the beginning or end of the base video instead of layering it as a video in video effect.

> **READING**:
>
> * [Layer syntax](video_layers): Learn the layer URL syntax and overlay types for videos.

> * [Layer placement](video_layer_placement): Position layers using gravity, offsets, and dynamic tracking overlays.

> * [Text layer options](video_text_layers): Text styling, color, multi-line text, and special characters.

> * [Transforming layers](video_layer_transformations): Apply transformations, multiple overlays, and relative sizing to layers.